Subnetting calculation

 the question that was given is : 

In this section, we are expecting to show the calculation on how to identify the IP address that was assigned for the OnlineLearning System Server based on the information given in the project scenario. Explain the concept and show the calculation to identify the IP address.

what is subnetting? 

A network is divided into smaller networks, known as subnets, through the process of subnetting. More public IPv4 addresses are made available thanks to it, and networks are segmented for security and better management.

there are two types of subnetting one is about FLSM the fixed length subnet mask and the other one is VLSM variable length subnet mask

Project

On the basis of the number of faculties, VLSM is selected.

Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM)

An unchanging series of numbers called a fixed-length subnet mask (FLSM) is used to speed up packet routing within a proprietary network's subnets. A local area network with a defined geographic area can be a subnet (LAN). As an alternative, a subnet may specify hardware security parameters, departmental boundaries, multicast zones, or security restrictions.

Back to the question

Let's say we have the following scenario:

We have a network with an IP address range of "172.16.0.0/12".

We want to create subnets for different departments within the organization.

Faculty A needs 200 IP addresses.

Faculty B needs 150 IP addresses.

Faculty C needs 100 IP addresses.

To create the subnets, we can follow the following steps:

Determine the number of bits needed for each subnet: 

The number of bits needed for each subnet is determined by the number of IP addresses required. For example, if we need 200 IP addresses, we will need 8 bits because 2^8 = 256 (the first and last IP addresses in a subnet are reserved for network and broadcast addresses, respectively). Similarly, if we need 150 IP addresses, we will need 7 bits because 2^7 = 128.

Determine the number of subnets needed: 

The number of subnets needed is determined by the number of bits we have available in the IP address range. In our case, we have 12 bits available because the IP address range is "172.16.0.0/12".

Determine the subnet mask: 

The subnet mask is used to determine which bits in the IP address are used for the network and which are used for the host. In our case, we can use the following subnet mask:

faculty A: /20 (8 bits for the subnet + 12 bits for the network)

faculty B: /21 (7 bits for the subnet + 11 bits for the network)

faculty C: /22 (6 bits for the subnet + 10 bits for the network)

Assign IP addresses: Based on the subnet mask, we can assign the following IP addresses to each department:

faculty A: 172.16.0.0/20 (IP range: 172.16.0.1 - 172.16.15.254)

faculty B: 172.16.16.0/21 (IP range: 172.16.16.1 - 172.16.23.254)

faculty C: 172.16.24.0/22 (IP range: 172.16.24.1 - 172.16.27.254)

Therefore, we can create the following subnets for the different departments in our organization:

faculty A: 172.16.0.0/20

faculty B: 172.16.16.0/21

faculty C: 172.16.24.0/22